“Know Your Judge”. Justice Anant Ramanath Hegde. Karnataka High Court.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Anant Ramanath Hegde celebrates his 54th birthday today.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Anant Ramanath Hegde: Born on 7th March 1971 at Sirsi in North Kanara District of Karnataka State. Completed the degree in law in June 1994 from the University College of Law, Dharwad Commenced practice in Sirsi courts in July 1994 under the guidance of grandfather Sri. A. M. Hegde and father Sri. R. A. Hegde. After the establishment of the High Court Bench in Dharwad, in 2008, started practice in High Court Bench at Dharwad. Sworn in as Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka on 08.11.2021 and as Permanent Judge on 21.09.2023.

Important Judgements delivered by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Anant Ramanath Hegde. 

Motor Vehicles Act. Power of the Tribunal or the High Court to award just and fair compensation to the victim is not taken away because of prayer for a lesser amount. Karnataka High Court.

Education. ”On account of the pandemic, one cannot give up maintaining standards of education”. Karnataka High Court while rejecting plea of law students to dispense with exams.

Caste Certificate and Creamy Layer Certificate cannot be treated alike. Caste Certificate status is permanent whereas Creamy Layer Certificate status varies from time to time depending on income. Karnataka High Court.

Service law. Principle that ‘Rules of the game cannot be changed once the game has begun’ does not apply if the change is not illegal or contrary to any provision of law. Karnataka High Court.

When the application under Section 11(6) of the Act is pending consideration before the High Court, Arbitrator cannot be appointed by the authority named in the arbitration agreement. Karnataka High Court.

Appointment of Court Commissioner under Order XXVI Rules 9 and 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Karnataka High Court lays down authoritative guidelines.

Hindu Succession Act. Amended Section 6. Person who alienates properties in violation of injunction order of the court cannot take advantage of the alienation by taking shelter under the proviso to Section 6(1) of the Act. Karnataka High Court.

“The concept of ‘justice at the doorstep’ flowing from Articles 14 and 21 can’t be an empty formality”. Karnataka High Court suggests increase in the pecuniary jurisdiction of the District Courts to avoid flooding of the First Appeals in the High Court.

Hindu Succession Act. Partition of properties inherited under Section 8 will not change the nature of the properties to coparcenary. Karnataka High Court.

Revenue entries coupled with possession can be relied on in support of the plea of earlier oral/unregistered family arrangement. Karnataka High Court.

Arbitration Act, 1940. Arbitrator cannot award damages for an alleged breach of the contract when the contract does not provide for such damages in the event of such breach. Karnataka High Court.

Proportionality of punishment for Contempt of Court under Order XXXIX Rule 2A, CPC. Order directing civil imprisonment should not be passed as a matter of course. Karnataka High Court.

Contempt of Court under Order XXXIX Rule 2A, CPC. Even persons who are not parties to suit can be punished for contempt of court. Karnataka High Court.

Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950. When the requirements under Section 92 of the Code of Civil Procedure are met, the Civil Court ought to grant permission to sue. Karnataka High Court.

Agreement to sell recording delivery of possession of property before expiry of 15 years contemplated under Section 61 of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act is void and unenforceable. Karnataka High Court.

Photostat copy which is compared with its original is admissible as secondary evidence if other conditions required for production of secondary evidence are met. Karnataka High Court.

Widow of coparcener cannot be disqualified from inheriting her husband’s share in the joint family properties on the ground of she leading an unchaste and immoral life. Karnataka High Court.

Land Acquisition. Time to file cross objections by the landowner starts from the date of receipt of notice of the appeal filed by the beneficiary and not from the date of the award. Karnataka High Court.

Land acquisition. Courts exercising jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution have the power to shift/ alter/ fix the date for reckoning the market value under certain circumstances. Karnataka High Court.

 Karnataka Excise Act. Induction of wife of the deceased partner cannot be construed as creating new partnership or new entity for the purpose of issuance of licence. Karnataka High Court.

‘Special provision in favour of women should also pass the test of equality.’ Karnataka High Court strikes down Indian Military Nursing Services Ordinance, 1943 in so far as providing hundred percent reservation for women in the cadre of nursing officers.

Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957. Authorities cannot recover stamp duty ‘not levied or short levied’ beyond the period of five years unless there is fraud, collusion, wilful mis-statement or suppression etc. Karnataka High Court.

Mere irregularity in preparation of voters list in election to local body does not confer right on the members to assert as eligible voters and for counting their votes as valid votes. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Co-operative Societies Act. Registrar of Co-operative Societies has no jurisdiction to deal with question relating to approval of regulations applicable to members of Common Cadre Committee. Karnataka High Court.

Nominee or legal representative of deceased member of a Co–operative Society, admitted as a member cannot vote and contest in the election if he does not fulfil the eligibility criteria. Karnataka High Court.

Membership in a Co-operative Society is the basic eligibility to contest in an election. In addition, the member has to fulfil additional eligibility criteria if any fixed under the Statute and Bye-law applicable. Karnataka High Court.

Disqualification of membership in a Co-operative Society on being appointed as paid employee in the same Society. The membership will not automatically revive upon resignation to the employment. Karnataka High Court.

Civil Court has jurisdiction to decide shares of joint family members in the properties in respect of which occupancy rights are granted by the Land Tribunal. Karnataka High Court.

Principle that respondent can question adverse finding in judgment without filing an appeal does not apply to an adverse decree against him. Karnataka High Court.

’Legislation should be drafted in simple, concise language, supported by illustrative examples’. Karnataka High Court emphasizes the need for regular amendments and clarifications to ensure that laws align with constitutional court judgments.

Insurance Act. Amended Section 39 does not override the law relating to succession. Beneficial nominees get the benefits only when the testamentary and non-testamentary heirs do not claim the benefits flowing from the insurance policy. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/7653059797a917e90a223762
Does a daughter ‘born after the amendment to Section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956’, inherit a share by birth in the coparcenary property that was allotted to her father’s share in the partition that took place before the amendment? Karnataka High Court points out the anomaly.

An agreement for sale executed within 15 years of a non-alienation clause under Section 61 of the Karnataka Land Reforms 1961 Act is illegal. Consequently, a party relying on such an agreement is not entitled to seek specific performance. Karnataka High Court.

Civil Court cannot entertain suit challenging the award passed by the Lok Adalath on a compromise, if such suit is filed by the parties to such award or any of the parties claiming through the parties to the said award. Karnataka High Court.

Notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act is not necessary to file a suit for eviction in case the tenure of the lease has come to an end by efflux of time. Karnataka High Court.

Will. Karnataka High Court recommends making a legal provision to enable recording of statements of testator and attesting witnesses during their lifetime, either before the Sub-Registrar or the Court, to avoid prolonged litigation.

Joint family among Mohammedans. When managing member of family acquires property, other family members can benefit from the acquisition if they can prove their contribution. Karnataka High Court.

Although Mohammedan law does not recognize joint family concept, it is still possible for individuals from the Mohammedan community to live together as a joint family unit or co-own properties. Karnataka High Court.

Suit for partition cannot be rejected for not providing the boundaries of the immovable properties over which the partition is claimed. Identity can be verified by the Court. Karnataka High Court.

Partition. Purchaser of an undivided share cannot claim exclusive share in the joint family properties, seeking allotment of a particular property, without the consent of the other joint family members. Karnataka High Court.

An order refusing or granting ex-parte interim measure on an application under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act falling under ‘Commercial Arbitration Dispute’ is appealable order under Section 37 of the Act. Karnataka High Court.

“Power of review is a creature of Statute’’. Deputy Commissioner has no power to review the order under the Karnataka Land Revenue Act. Karnataka High Court.

Objection relating to the inherent jurisdiction of the trial Court can be raised even for the first time before the appellate Court. Karnataka High Court.

Limitation to make a reference under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act 1894. Cause of action arises only after the conclusion of the proceedings under Section 30 of the Act. Karnataka High Court.

Temporary injunction in Trademark cases. Even if two conflicting views are plausible, the Court has to lean in favour of the registered trademark to hold that the trade mark is prima facie valid. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Souharda Sahakari Act. Assistant Registrar of Co-operative Societies has no power to wind up a Co-operative Society without the participation of the Federal co-operative, Union Cooperative, Creditors and other stakeholders. Karnataka High Court.

‘’Mubarat’’ is a form of divorce by mutual consent recognized by Muslim Personal Law. Family courts are duty-bound to accept the Mubarat agreement between the parties to dissolve the marriage. Karnataka High Court.

Employer is bound to deduct agreed amount from the salary of member of co-operative society when there is agreement to this effect with prior concurrence with the employer. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Co-operative Societies Act. Challenge to sale deed executed by member of a co-operative society in favour of a non-member cannot be subject matter of dispute under section 70. Karnataka High Court.

”Wardi transfer” or ”Mutation entry transfer” is not a recognised mode of transfer of property under the Transfer of Property Act. Karnataka High Court.

Hindu Succession Act. Children of predeceased son or daughter of a woman dying intestate are also entitled to share along with children of the woman as Class-I heirs. Karnataka High Court.

ಹಿ0ದೂ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕು ಕಾಯಿದೆಗಳು 1933 ಹಾಗೂ 1937 – ಒ0ದು ವಿಷ್ಲೇಶಣೆ.

ಎಸ್. ಬಸವರಾಜ್, ಹಿರಿಯವಕೀಲರು, ಬೆ0ಗಳೂರು

ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಉಚ್ಚನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯವು, (ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂರ್ತಿ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಹರೀಶ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಮತ್ತು ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂರ್ತಿ ಶಿವಶಂಕರೇಗೌಡ), ತಾರೀಖು 30 ಜನವರಿ 2025 ರ0ದು ನೀಡಿದ ತೀರ್ಪಿನಲ್ಲಿ (ಭೀಮಗೌಡ ರುದ್ರಗೌಡ ಪಾಟೀಲ್ ಮತ್ತು ಮತ್ತೊಬ್ಬರು ವಿರುದ್ದ ಪ್ರೀತಿ ರಾಮಗೌಡ ಪಾಟೀಲ್ RFA 100091/2018) ಹಿ0ದೂ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕು ಕಾಯಿದೆ 1937 ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಚರ್ಚೆ ಮಾಡಿದೆ. ಹಿ0ದೂ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕು ಕಾಯಿದೆ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿಷ್ಲೇಶಣೆ ಮಾಡುವುದು ಈ ಲೇಖನದ ಉದ್ದೇಶ. 


ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕಿನ ವಿಕಾಸ, ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಪಾತ್ರ ಮತ್ತು ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯನ್ನು ಹಲವಾರು ಮಹತ್ವದ ಕಾನೂನು ಘಟ್ಟಗಳಿಂದ ಗುರುತಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಲಿಂಗ ಸಮಾನತೆಯತ್ತ ಸಾಗುವ ಪ್ರಗತಿಯ ಪಥವು ಹಂತ ಹಂತವಾಗಿ ನಡೆದ ಕಾನೂನು ಪರಿಷ್ಕರಣೆಗಳ ಮೂಲಕ ರೂಪುಗೊಂಡಿದೆ. ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ, ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಮತ್ತು ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಅಂಶಗಳ ಪ್ರಭಾವವಿತ್ತು. 


ಬ್ರಿಟೀಷ ಕಾಲಕ್ಕೂ ಮುನ್ನ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮಾಜವು ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯಬದ್ಧ ಕಾನೂನುಗಳನ್ನು ಅನುಸರಿಸುತ್ತಿತ್ತು ಮತ್ತು ಅವುಗಳಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರಿಗೆ ಸಮಾನ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳನ್ನು ಒದಗಿಸಲಾಗಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಹಿಂದೂ ಸಮಾಜದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಪುರುಷ ಸದಸ್ಯರ ಅವಲಂಬಿತರಾಗಿ ಆಸ್ತಿಯ ಮೇಲಿನ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣದ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊ0ದಿದ್ದರು. ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಸಮಯದ ಕಾನೂನುಗಳು ಕೆಲವು ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ತಂದಿದ್ದರೂ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರಿಗೆ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕು ನೀಡುವಲ್ಲಿ ಸಫಲವಾಗಲಿಲ್ಲ.


ಮೈಸೂರು ಹಿಂದೂ ಕಾನೂನು ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮ, 1933. ಈ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮವು 1 ಜನವರಿ 1934 ರಿ0ದ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬ0ದು ಮಹಿಳೆಯರಿಗೆ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹಕ್ಕನ್ನು ನೀಡಿದ ಮೊದಲ ಕಾನೂನು ಆಗಿತ್ತು. ಅಧಿನಿಯಮದ 8ನೇ ವಿಭಾಗದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಆಸ್ತಿ ವಿಭಜನೆಯ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ, ತಂದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರ(ರು) ನಡುವಿನ ಹಂಚಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಅವರ ತಾಯಿ, ಅವಿವಾಹಿತ ಪುತ್ರಿಯರು, ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ಮೃತ ಅವಿಭಕ್ತ ಪುತ್ರ ಹಾಗೂ ಸಹೋದರರ ಪತ್ನಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಅವಿವಾಹಿತ ಪುತ್ರಿಯರು ಸಹ ಅವರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಪಾಲುಗಾರರಾಗಲು ಅರ್ಹರಾಗಿದ್ದರು. ಹಾಗೆಯೇ, ಸಹೋದರರ ನಡುವಿನ ಕುಟುಂಬ ಆಸ್ತಿ ವಿಭಜನೆಯ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲೂ ಅವರ ತಾಯಿ, ಅವಿವಾಹಿತ ಸಹೋದರಿಯರು, ಮತ್ತು ಮೃತ ಅವಿಭಕ್ತ ಸಹೋದರರ ವಿಧವೆಯರು ಮತ್ತು ಅವಿವಾಹಿತ ಪುತ್ರಿಯರು ಸಹ ಅವರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಪಾಲುಗಾರರಾಗಲು ಅರ್ಹರಾಗಿದ್ದರು. 


ಕುಟು0ಬದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯು ಏಕಮಾತ್ರ ಕೋಪಾರ್ಸನರ್ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗೆ ಬ0ದಾಗಲೂ ಮಹಿಳೆಗೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೇಳಿದ ಹಕ್ಕು ದೊರಕಿತ್ತು. 


ಕುಟು0ಬದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಗ0ಡನಿಗೆ ದೊರಕಬಹುದಾದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅರ್ಧ ಪಾಲಿಗೆ ವಿಧವೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಮಗನಿಗೆ ದೊರಕಬಹುದಾದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅರ್ದ ಪಾಲಿಗೆ ತಾಯಿ ಅರ್ಹಳಾಗಿದ್ದರು. 


1933ರ ಹಿಂದೂ ಕಾನೂನು ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬರುವ ತನಕ, ಮೈಸೂರು ಪ್ರಾ0ತದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಗೆ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಹಿಂದೂ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪಾಲು ಪಡೆಯುವ ಹಕ್ಕು ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಕುಟುಂಬದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಿಂದೂ ಮಹಿಳೆಯ ಹಕ್ಕುವನ್ನು ಕೇವಲ ಜೀವನೋಪಾಯ, ವಾಸಸ್ಥಳ ಮತ್ತು ವಿವಾಹ ಖರ್ಚುಗಳಿಗೆ ಮಾತ್ರ ಸೀಮಿತಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಈ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮವು ಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳನ್ನು ವಿಸ್ತರಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕಾಯಿದೆಯಾಗಿತ್ತು. (ನಾಗೇ0ದ್ರ ಪ್ರಸಾದ್ ವಿರುದ್ದ ಕೆ0ಪನ0ಜಮ್ಮ AIR 1968 SC 209) 


ಈ ನಿಯಮವು ಮಹಿಳೆಯರಿಗೆ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಾನ ಪಾಲು ಪಡೆಯಲು ಅವಕಾಶ ನೀಡಿದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕಾನೂನು ಆಗಿದ್ದರೂ ಕುಟು0ಬದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಭಜನೆ ಆದಾಗ ಮಾತ್ರ ಮಹಿಳೆ ತನ್ನ ಹಕ್ಕನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಬಹುದಿತ್ತು. ಮಹಿಳೆ ಬದುಕಿರುವವರೆಗೂ ಕುಟು0ಬದಲ್ಲಿ ಆಸ್ತಿ ವಿಭಜನೆ ಆಗದ ಸನ್ನಿವೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಆಕೆಗೆ ಆಸ್ತಿಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಯಾವ ಹಕ್ಕೂ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. 


ಆದರೆ 1933 ರ ಕಾನೂನಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಗೆ ಕೇವಲ ಜೀವಿತ ಕಾಲದವರೆಗೆ ಸೀಮಿತ ಹಕ್ಕು ಇತ್ತು. ಆಕೆ ಈ ಆಸ್ತಿಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಸ0ಪೂರ್ಣ ಹಕ್ಕು ಹೊ0ದಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಮಹಿಳೆ ಕಾಲವಾದ ನ0ತರ ಆಸ್ತಿಯು ಮರಳಿ ಮೂಲ ಒಡೆತನಕ್ಕೆ ಸೇರುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. 1956 ಹಿ0ದೂ ಉತ್ತರಾದಿಕಾರದ ಕಾನೂನು ಜಾರಿಯಾದ ನ0ತರ ವಿಭಾಗ 14 ರ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಈ ಸೀಮಿತ ಹಕ್ಕು ಸ0ಪೂರ್ಣ ಒಡೆತನಕ್ಕೆ ಮಾರ್ಪಾಟಾಯಿತು. ಇದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮು0ದಿನ ಪುಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚೆ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೇನೆ. 


ಹಿಂದೂ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮ, 1937. ಭಾರತದ ಮಟ್ಟದಲ್ಲಿ, ಇದು ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನ ನೀಡಿದ ಮೊದಲ ಕಾನೂನು ಕ್ರಮಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಈ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮವು ಹಿಂದೂ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರಿಗೆ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಪರಂಪರೆಗೆ ಹಕ್ಕುದಾರರಾಗುವ ಅವಕಾಶ ನೀಡಿತು. ಈ ಕಾನೂನು 14 ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ 1937 ರಿ0ದ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬ0ದಿತು.  


1937ರ ಕಾನೂನಿನ ಅಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಧವೆಗೆ ಮಾತ್ರ ಅವಕಾಶ ಕಲ್ಪಿಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ವಿಧವೆಯು ತನ್ನ ಅಧಿಕಾರದಿ0ದ ಕುಟು0ಬದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾಗ ಕೇಳಬಹುದಿತ್ತು. 1933 ರ ಕಾನೂನಿಗೆ ಇದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿದ್ದು ವಿಧವೆಯು ಕುಟು0ಬದ ಆಸ್ತಿ ವಿಭಜನೆವರೆಗೆ ಕಾಯಬೇಕಾಗಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಆಕೆ ತನ್ನ ಭಾಗವನ್ನು ಕಾನೂನು ಮುಖಾ0ತರ ಪಡೆಯಬಹುದಿತ್ತು. 


ಆದರೆ 1937ರ ಕಾನೂನು ಕೂಡ 1933 ರ ಕಾನೂನಿನ ರೀತಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಗೆ ಕೇವಲ ಜೀವಿತ ಕಾಲದವರೆಗೆ ಸೀಮಿತ ಹಕ್ಕನ್ನು ಕೊಟ್ಟಿತ್ತು.  ಆಕೆ ಈ ಆಸ್ತಿಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಸ0ಪೂರ್ಣ ಹಕ್ಕು ಹೊ0ದಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಮಹಿಳೆ ಕಾಲವಾದ ನ0ತರ ಆಸ್ತಿಯು ಮರಳಿ ಮೂಲ ಒಡೆತನಕ್ಕೆ ಸೇರುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. 


ಹಿಂದೂ ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮ, 1956 ಜಾರಿಯಾದ ನ0ತರದ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ. ಹಿಂದೂ ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮವು 7 ಜೂನ್ 1956 ರಿ0ದ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬ0ದಿತು. ಈ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮವು ಹಿಂದೂ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗತ ಕಾನೂನುಗಳನ್ನು ಸಂಹಿತೀಕರಿಸಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸುಧಾರಿಸಿ, ಆಸ್ತಿ ಪರಂಪರೆಯ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ನಿಯಮಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ಥಿರಗೊಳಿಸಿತು, ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರಿಗೆ ಹಳೆಯ ಕಾನೂನುಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಿತು. ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಲವು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಗಳು ಉಳಿದಿದ್ದವು, ಮತ್ತು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಹಿಂದೂ ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ (ತಿದ್ದುಪಡಿ) ಅಧಿನಿಯಮ, 2005 ಮೂಲಕ ಪರಿಹರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು, ಇದರಿಂದ ಹೆಣ್ಣುಮಕ್ಕಳು ಕೂಡ ಪೂರ್ವಿಕ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಾನ ಹಕ್ಕನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯುವ ಅವಕಾಶ ದೊರಕಿತು.
ಹಿಂದೂ ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ ಅಧಿನಿಯಮ ವಿಭಾಗ 14 ಮಹಿಳೆಗೆ 1956 ರವರೆಗೆ ಇದ್ದ ಸೀಮಿತ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳನ್ನು ಸ0ಪೂರ್ಣ ಒಡೆತನಕ್ಕೆ ಮಾರ್ಪಾಟು ಮಾಡಿತು. 1933 ಹಾಗೂ 1937 ರ ಕಾನೂನಿ ಅಡಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಗೆ ದೊರಕಿದ್ದ ಸೀಮಿತ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳು ಸ0ಪೂರ್ಣ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳಾದವು. 


ಹಿಂದಿನ ಹಿಂದೂ ಕಾನೂನುಗಳ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, (1933 ಹಾಗೂ 1937) ಮಹಿಳೆಯರು ಆಸ್ತಿಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಕೇವಲ ಸೀಮಿತ ಹಕ್ಕು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದರು, ಅಂದರೆ ಅವರು ಆಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಬಳಸಬಹುದಾಗಿತ್ತು, ಆದರೆ ತಮ್ಮ ಇಚ್ಛೆಯಂತೆ ಮಾರಾಟ ಅಥವಾ ಹಸ್ತಾಂತರ ಮಾಡಲಾಗುತ್ತಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಆದರೆ, 14ನೇ ವಿಧಿಯು ಈ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಯನ್ನು ಬದಲಿಸಿ, ಮಹಿಳೆಯರಿಗೆ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಸ್ವಾಮ್ಯವನ್ನು ನೀಡಿತು.


ಈ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸರ್ವೊಚ್ಚ ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯದ ಅತ್ಯ0ತ ಪ್ರಮುಖವಾದ ತೀರ್ಪು ಎ0ದರೆ ವಿ. ತುಳಸಮ್ಮ ವಿರುದ್ದ ಸೇಶ ರೆಡ್ಡಿ (1977) 3 SCC 99. ಸರ್ವೊಚ್ಚ ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯವು 1956ರ ನ0ತರ ಮಹಿಳೆಯ ಸಿಮೀತ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳು ಹೇಗೆ ಸ0ಪೂರ್ಣ ಒಡೆತನಕ್ಕೆ ಮಾರ್ಪಾಟಾದವು ಎ0ಬ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಈ ತೀರ್ಪಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚೆ ಮಾಡಿದೆ. ಹಲವಾರು ಹಿ0ದೂ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಘ್ನರ ಮಹಾಕೃತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಈ ತೀರ್ಪಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. 


ಹಿಂದೂಮಹಿಳೆಯರಆಸ್ತಿಹಕ್ಕುಗಳಅಧಿನಿಯಮ, 1937‌ನಪ್ರಕಾರ, ವಿಧವೆಯಪೋಷಣೆಗಾಗಿಹಕ್ಕುಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದಹಕ್ಕಾಗಿರೂಪುಗೊಂಡಿದೆ, ಮತ್ತುಪೋಷಣೆಯಬದಲಿಗೆಅವಳಿಗೆಹಂಚಿಕೆಯಾಗಿದಆಸ್ತಿ, ಮೊದಲುಸೀಮಿತಹಕ್ಕಿನೊಂದಿಗೆನೀಡಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದರೂ, 1956ರಅಧಿನಿಯಮದನಿಯಮಗಳಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಅದುಸಂಪೂರ್ಣಸ್ವಾಮ್ಯಹಕ್ಕಿಗೆವಿಸ್ತರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ” ಎ0ದು ಈ ತೀರ್ಪಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳಲಾಗಿದೆ. 


ಆದರೆ ಸ0ಪೂರ್ಣ ಮಾಲಿಕತ್ವ ಹೊ0ದಲು ಮಹಿಳೆಯು 1956ರಲ್ಲಿ ಬದುಕಿರಬೇಕು. ಆಗ ಮಾತ್ರ ಆಕೆಗೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೇಳಿದ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸ0ಪೂರ್ಣ ಮಾಲಿಕತ್ವ ದೊರಕುತ್ತದೆ.  


ಮು0ದೆ ಬರುವ ತೀರ್ಪಿನ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ಈ ಲೇಖನ ಮು0ದುವರೆಯುವುದು… 
ಎಸ್. ಬಸವರಾಜ್, ಹಿರಿಯವಕೀಲರು, ಬೆ0ಗಳೂರು

“Know Your Judge”. Justice N. S. Sanjay Gowda. Karnataka High Court.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice N.S. Sanjay Gowda celebrates his 58th birthday today.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Neranahalli Srinivasan Sanjay Gowda: Born on 15.02.1967. Enrolled as an Advocate on 31.08.1989.

Appointed as Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka and taken oath on 11.11.2019 and Permanent Judge on 08.09.2021.

Important Judgments delivered by Hon’ble Mr. Justice N S Sanjay Gowda. 

Manufacture of Ethanol using sugarcane juice, sugar or sugar syrup is a sugar factory as defined under Clause 2(c) of the Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966. Karnataka High Court.

Service Law. Seniority. Persons promoted in excess of backlog vacancies shall be continued against supernumerary posts. Karnataka High Court. 

Karnataka Municipalities Act. Deputy Commissioner in exercise of powers under Section 306 cannot act as an appellate authority and decide validity of the resolution passed by the Municipal Council. Karnataka High Court.

Equal Pay for Equal Work. Workers employed directly and through Contractor. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957. Intending purchaser already in possession prior to agreement of sale. Purchaser has to pay stamp duty as if possession delivered ‘under the agreement’. Stamp duty cannot be avoided by relying on prior possession.

Right to seek reference to arbitration is not lost if application under Section 8 is filed along with written statement. 

Karnataka Housing Board Act. Sanction of scheme by the State Government is mandatory before the Board takes up housing land development or labour development schemes. Karnataka High Court.

Land acquisition. 2013 Act. Lapse under Section 24 is only when acquisition was under 1894 Act. Section does not apply to acquisitions under State enactments. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Municipal Corporations Act. Power to remove encroachment cannot be used to unilaterally determine encroachment of Government land and call upon the alleged encroacher to vacate and deliver possession. Karnataka High Court.

Locus Standi. When a litigation is filed in private interest and not as PIL- fundamental principles pertaining to locus standi have to be complied with by demonstrating violation of petitioners rights and in what manner. Karnataka High Court.

Preventive detention. Though writ petition challenging detention order even before the actual arrest is maintainable, interim stay of such order and grant of bail to accused is unsafe and hazardous. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Municipalities Act, 1964. Constitution, abolition etc of smaller urban areas. Governor should form an opinion that objections to the proposed notification being insufficient or invalid. Non compliance renders notification invalid. Karnataka High Court.

Indian Succession Act, 1925. Wills. Latest judgment of the Karnataka High Court on ingredients, revocation, alteration, proof of Will and evidence of handwriting expert.

”Classic case where the political parties and the police tried to bury the truth”. Karnataka High Court upholds CBI investigation against former Minister Vinay Kulkarni and others in a murder case.

In-service employee appointed to new post in new department on direct basis submitting technical resignation to his post. He cannot be repatriated to original post if new employer discharges him from service. Karnataka High Court.

Right to Information Act, 2005. There is no bar to furnish ‘B’ Report under RTI Act once the investigation is completed. Bar for grant of information applies only during investigation. Karnataka High Court.

A document cannot be registered unless the executant personally appears and establishes his identity to the registering officer and admits execution of the document under Sections 34 and 35 of the Registration Act. Karnataka High Court.

Labour law. When model standing orders are amended to enhance retirement age, trade unions can seek modification of the certified standing orders to bring them in conformity with the model standing orders. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Reforms Act. Order of the Tribunal without bringing all the legal representatives of the deceased landlord on record is a nullity in the eye of law. Karnataka High Court.

Forfeiture of occupancy under the Karnataka Land Revenue Act, 1964 for non-payment of land revenue. Owner can pay the arrears of land revenue any time before the property is sold and get the land restored. Karnataka High Court.

In respect of lands notified prior to 1 January 2014 under the KIAD Act, if awards were not passed as on that date, awards are required to be passed only under the 2013 Act. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Revenue Act. When grant of lands is held to be valid, embarking upon a fresh enquiry regarding the revenue entries is impermissible. Karnataka High Court.

MVC claim. ‘Pay and recovery’ principle applies even when owner of vehicle 

contests claim petition or has preferred appeal against award. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Grant Rules,1969. When temporary lease of land is confirmed upon expiry of the lease period and on payment of fixed price, the Deputy Commissioner cannot impose condition of non-alienation. Karnataka High Court.

Farmers cannot be deprived the benefit under the Minimum Support Price Scheme simply because they did not register under the Web-Portal set up by the Department. Karnataka High Court.

Mere stay of a judgment in appeal would not preclude the Court from following the dictum laid down in the judgement. Karnataka High Court.

In respect of lands notified prior to 1 January 2014 under the KIAD Act and in respect of which an award has not been passed as on that day the awards are required to be passed under Section 24 (1) (a) of the 2013 Act. Karnataka Court.

Sale of immovable property cannot be invalidated by a subsequent declaration notifying the property as Wakf property. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Municipalities Act. In case of incomplete or incorrect property tax return, the Municipality has a right to assess property only for a period of six years and not beyond it. Karnataka High Court.

Once an instrument is admitted in evidence, even by inadvertence, the admissibility of the document on the ground it was insufficiently stamped cannot be questioned thereafter. Karnataka High Court.

District Court has no jurisdiction to direct the Trial Court to examine the admissibility of a document on the ground of non/under stamping after it had been admitted in evidence. Karnataka High Court.

Anti Defection Law. In the absence of any steps taken to serve whip in the manner known to law i.e., RPAD and courier or by personal service, mere affixture of the whip on the door is not sufficient. Karnataka High Court.

 Karnataka Local Authorities (Prohibition of Defection) Act. Karnataka High Court issues guidelines regulating service of whip.

National Highways Act. Disbursement of the compensation cannot be withheld or delayed merely on the ground that the award is sought to be challenged. Karnataka High Court.

Persons having tenancy rights can challenge acquisition proceedings initiated under the 2013 land acquisition Act. Karnataka High Court.

Motor Vehicles Act 1988. Rider of a borrowed vehicle can claim compensation under Section 163A for the death of pillion rider wife even though he steps into shoes of the owner and is responsible for the accident. Karnataka High Court.

Tax on electricity payable by consumer shall be on the basis of rate at which consumer purchases from Open Access Source and not at the rate at which the licensee sells to its consumers. Karnataka High Court.

Suit for partition. Plea of exclusive possession by the purchaser of coparcenery property is NOT a conclusive factor to determine court fee payable by the plaintiff. Karnataka High Court.

Revenue officers cannot go into the validity/correctness of the Order based on which the revenue entries are sought be made in the land records. Karnataka High Court.

Suit for partition. A person who is not a party to alienation of coparcenery property need NOT seek cancellation of sale deed or a declaration that he is not bound by the alienation. Karnataka High Court.

Suit for declaration in respect of non-agricultural lands. Court fee payable is NOT on the actual and prevailing market value of the land. Criteria is 15 times the profit or 30 times the revenue. Karnataka High Court.

Suit for permanent injunction in respect of immovable property can be continued by legal representatives after death of original plaintiff since right to enjoy possession is a transferable right. Karnataka High Court.

Second marriage solemnised before coming into force of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 is valid. Children born from such marriage are legitimate children for the purpose of succession. Karnataka High Court.

Amended Section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act applies even to woman who died before 2005. Legal representatives are entitled for share in the ancestral property. Karnataka High Court.

Motor Vehicles Act. In the event of an accident resulting in death or injury to employee, in the absence of a restrictive clause, liability of insurer cannot be limited to liability prescribed under the Employee’s Compensation Act. Karnataka High Court.

Motor Vehicles Act. Person who has a driving licence to drive a light motor vehicle can also drive a transport vehicle which has an unladen weight less than 7500 kg. Insurance company is liable to pay compensation. Karnataka High Court.

Cause of action in a partition suit is a recurring action. Dismissal of earlier suit for non-prosecution will not be a bar for filing a second suit for partition. Karnataka High Court.

Both “A” and “B” Kharab lands belong to owner of the land. Landowner is entitled for compensation in case of acquisition of kharab land. Karnataka High Court.

Wakf Board has no power to issue a corrigendum to the list of wakfs published in the gazette under Section 5(2) of the Wakf Act, 1954. Karnataka High Court.

Compensation for lands notified prior to 1:1:2014 under the KIAD Act, where award is not passed as on 1:1:2014, is to be paid under the 2013 land acquisition Act. Karnataka High Court.

Right of the defendant to file a separate suit for partition in respect of properties not included in the plaint is not barred merely because he did not make counter claim in respect of the omitted property. Karnataka High Court.

Suit regarding public trust. It is not necessary that the plaint with documents shall be filed only after the leave is granted. The Court can form an opinion to grant leave on going through the pleadings. Karnataka High Court.

Prevention of Corruption Act. ‘’According approval to investigate’’ is different from ’Sanction to prosecute’’. It is mandatory to obtain two different and separate approvals for investigation and for prosecution. Karnataka High Court.

Prevention of Corruption Act. Material furnished by the Investigating Officer need not be subjected to a microscopic examination before according approval to investigate a public servant. Karnataka High Court.

Upon death of plaintiff, right to sue survives only on the legal representatives. Person claiming a contractual right from the deceased plaintiff cannot come on record as co-plaintiff. Karnataka High Court.

Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act. Court is required to take into consideration the interest of the minor and safeguard the minors’ interest while granting permission to sell minor’s property. Karnataka High Court.

Unauthorized occupant of Government land has no right to invoke plea of adverse possession against the State. Karnataka High Court.

Grantee of land becomes owner of trees that were already existing on the land at the time of the grant if tree value did not exceed a particular amount prescribed under the Karnataka Land Grant Rules for their assessment. Karnataka High Court.

Deputy Commissioner cannot reject conversion of land after the expiry of four months stipulated under Section 95(5) of the KLR Act since conversion is deemed to have been granted due to inaction on the part of the Deputy Commissioner. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Revenue Act. Conversion of land cannot be rejected only on the ground that there is no approach road to the land. Karnataka High Court.

Motor Vehicles Act. Term ‘Legal representative’ cannot be confined only to Class-I heirs under the Hindu Succession Act and is wider enough to include every legal representative who suffers on account of the death of a person. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Revenue Act. Lands over which kumki privilege existed can be granted to any person, if he is able to establish that he is in unauthorised occupation over the said land prior to 14th day of April 1990. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Grant Rules. Deputy Commissioner cannot impose condition of non-alienation while granting permanent ownership as per the terms of the grant after expiry of the initial lease period. Karnataka High Court.

Aided educational institution, to which an employee is transferred as a result of being surplus, is bound to accept the employee so long as it seeks grant in aid for the post in the institution. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka High Court directs name change process for children be facilitated through a simplified affidavit process in the Register of Births, incorporating safeguards to ensure authenticity and prevent potential misuse.

A compromise decree among some co-owners cannot unilaterally change joint property ownership records. Khata registration must include all legal owners unless a competent court resolves the ownership dispute. Karnataka High Court.

When the sale of granted land by SC/ST person is cancelled, without taking actual possession from the transferee as per the PTCL Rules, permission to alienate the land cannot be granted. Karnataka High Court.

A residential site that falls within the Mutation Corridor under the Zoning Regulations retains its residential use designation. Consequently, the BDA cannot deny allotment of an alternate site solely on this ground. Karnataka High Court.

The regularisation of an unauthorised occupation of a land, even in favour of a person belonging to a member of the SC/ST, does not come within the meaning of ‘granted land’ as defined under the Karnataka SC/ST (PTCL) Act. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka SC/ST (PTCL) Act. A right to succeed to the property by the daughter of the grantee cannot be termed to be a transfer under the terms of the Act. Karnataka High Court.

Union of India has no legislative competence to frame Green Energy Open Access Rules. Karnataka High Court strikes down Electricity (Promoting Renewable Energy Through Green Energy Open Access) Rules 2022.

Prosecution of a public servant by Police Wing of the Lokayukta and departmental inquiry by Administrative and Inquiry wings of the Lokayukta results in ‘inevitable bias’. Karnataka High Court strikes down KEB Regulation as manifestly arbitrary.

Hindu Marriage Act. Consent divorce under Section 13B. Parties can be represented by their partners or siblings as GPA holders subject to the satisfaction of the court. Karnataka High Court.

Unless physical possession of property is taken, the Government would not get the benefit of the savings provision in the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Repeal Act. Karnataka High Court.

“Every child would achieve a greater degree of success than his parents and his earning a living wage would not be beyond the realm of possibility.” Comprehensive judgment of the Karnataka High Court on assessing minor’s income in accident cases.

Execution. Once the auction is held, it is the duty of the Court to ensure that the auction money is deposited within 15 days and upon the failure, to forfeit the deposit and resell the property. Court cannot extend time to deposit. Karnataka High Court.

Gift is between Donor and Donee. When donor who challenged gift deed withdraws the suit, his children cannot question the gift deed on the ground of fraud etc. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Reforms Act. Adopted son who claims ownership by succession cannot claim tenancy under the deceased adopted father/mother. Karnataka High Court.

A person, whose claim for title is negatived, cannot maintain a suit for injunction. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Reforms Act. Tenant has first option to purchase land held in tenancy. Karnataka High Court quashes permission granted by Tahsildar to sell the tenanted land to outsider.

Lokayukta has no power to make a recommendation to the Government that enquiry against a Government servant should be entrusted to Lokayukta only. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Reforms Act. Even the land which is ‘capable of being used for agricultural purposes’ has to be construed as an agricultural land. Existence of houses assessed for property tax is irrelevant. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Land Reforms Act. Land Tribunal on the passing of an order either rejecting or granting occupancy rights has no power to consider the claim on merits even if it is by consent of the tenant. Karnataka High Court.

Bank cannot lend loan without verifying title to property which actually belongs to third party owners. Karnataka High Court quashes illegal auction sale, cancels revenue entries and orders restoration of possession to the owners.

Karnataka Land Revenue Act. Lands over which kumki privilege existed can be granted to any person, if he is able to establish that he is in unauthorised occupation over the said land prior to 14th day of April 1990. Karnataka High Court.

Karnataka Municipal Corporations Act. Power to remove encroachment cannot be used to unilaterally determine encroachment of Government land and call upon the alleged encroacher to vacate and deliver possession. Karnataka High Court.

Unauthorized occupant of Government land has no right to invoke plea of adverse possession against the State. Karnataka High Court.

“Know Your Judge”. Justice T.G. Shivashankare Gowda. Karnataka High Court.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice T.G. Shivashankare Gowda celebrates his 62nd birthday today.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Talkad Girigowda Shivashankare Gowda: Born on 01.02.1963. Native of Talakad, T. Narasipura Taluk, Mysore District. Enrolled as Advocate and practiced at Srirangapatna. Appointed as Munsiff on 08.02.1995. Appointed as District Judge on 06.07.2009. Served as Prl. District & Sessions Judge at U.K. Karwar. Served as Central Project Co-ordinator (Computers), Registrar (Computers) and Registrar General at High Court of Karnataka. Sworn-in as Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka on 16.08.2022.

Important judgments delivered by Mr. Justice T G Shivashankare Gowda.

”Speculative litigation causing huge loss of judicial time”. Karnataka High Court reverses specific performance judgement against Jamnalal Bajaj Seva Trust with exemplary costs.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/jLYqu3CwODYQ6yf2v4U0iM4yd

Education. Admission of students pursuant to interim order cannot be sustained if it results in violation of Article 14 of the Constitution of India. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/ZIbKGptLgjl3L1cxDSu6Q9Di3

Medical Colleges Regulation. Bar against conducting inspection two days before and after important religious and festival holidays under Regulation 8(3)(1) applies only to Government notified holidays. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/WF7ivbdtkFE1eZMuV812ifFAH

Motor Vehicles Act. Burden of proving that the deceased driver did not possess valid driving licence at the time of the accident is upon the Insurance Company. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/45cY1jA2dOzNQ7M2NB5RANC8n

Arbitrary action of the Karnataka Examination Authority in allotment of post graduate medical seat. Karnataka High Court imposes cost of Rs. 5 lakhs with a direction to allot the seat to the deserving candidate. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/qTXxKZWLrrWSrfxtcEMipSUEN

Motor Vehicle Cases. If accident aggravates already existing decease which results in death, claim petition cannot be rejected for want of nexus. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/LHwoPBiOSCFsmZ439BXkHVucc

Criminal trial. In a case resting on circumstantial evidence, motive plays a crucial role. Motive is a double-edged weapon, which will cut either side of the case. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/ONEImVpFkuwTE0O7NE93h8sWK

“Case of the prosecution in entirety is found to be doubtful and is full of inconsistencies”. Karnataka High Court acquits the accused in RTI activist Lingaraju murder case.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/7ESptiW1T0lwUWU2fELME2RFA

Criminal trial. Insistence of plurality of witnesses in proof of any fact will indirectly encourage subornation of witnesses. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/bzKnZ5IOekWAjffAPiAYxoFzN

MVC Case. Split multiplier. Higher multiplier for the salary component and lower multiplier for the pension component is justified when the person had no future prospect of re-employment. Karnataka High Court explains.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/rF9w2HacF7tOstqC4XzSmHFCN

Karnataka Value Added Tax Act, 2003. Mobile phone chargers sold along with mobile phone in a composite pack attracts tax at the same rate as applicable to mobile phones and cannot be taxed at higher rate as unscheduled goods. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/7CfyFm9UZudtXoWZKRRqaHsmz

Central Goods and Services Tax Act. Pre-paid Payment Instruments of Gift Vouchers, Cash Back Vouchers and E-Vouchers do not fall under the category of goods and services and they are exempted from levy of tax. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/aDZVW79JQIjtSznmLBt2vtWCC

Insurance against acts of fraud or dishonesty committed by agent. Issuance of a fake bank guarantee by agent is a dishonest act and hence covered under the Insurance Policy. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/Mt2HKTYvVEmunM3nvEQrp9bcd

“Interest of the child is paramount in cases under the POCSO Act and the Court cannot appreciate the evidence on sentimental values.” Karnataka High Court sets aside the acquittal of the sexual offender.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/v4DaRpswmkujb2pDOyNZZ4abK

“Removing minor girl from the lawful custody of parents is clear case of kidnap”. Karnataka High Court convicts the accused while confirming his acquittal for the offence under the POCSO Act.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/z9lwayrdyWmzkfEGYLRyu9IPZ

Summary suit based on written contract. There is no requirement that the written contract should be signed by both the parties. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/zlfc7hBTG1YjEbEgb78yK5ZnM

‘’Mother is more concerned about her career prospects than the welfare of the child’’. Karnataka High Court extensively interacts with the child and grants custody to the father with visitation rights to the mother.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/kEhkwmQwodDfmj3GCmad3Xwki

Wife and children of the plaintiff, who contested against the plaintiff in the suit, cannot come on record as his legal representatives in the suit/appeal due to conflict of interest. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/800099f587cf94ad8f56f9e8

“Know Your Judge”. Justice C.M. Joshi. Karnataka High Court.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice C.M. Joshi celebrates his 61st birthday today.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Chandarashekar Mrutyunjaya Joshi: Born on 24.01.1964. Native of Hubballi. Enrolled as Advocate and practiced at Hubballi. Appointed as Munsiff on 08.02.1995. Appointed as District Judge on 06.07.2009. Served as Deputy Secretary, Karnataka State Legal Services Authority, Central Project Co-ordinator (Computers), Registrar (Computers) at High Court of Karnataka and as Prl. District & Sessions Judge, Udupi, Belagavi & Prl. City Civil & Sessions Judge, Bengaluru. Sworn-in as Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka on 16.08.2022.

Important judgments delivered by Hon’ble Mr. Justice C M Joshi.

Criminal law. Call records regarding conversation between accused and deceased are inadmissible in evidence unless the Certificate required under Section 65B of the Evidence Act is produced. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/sRsc59ZvrxNYUfN0wMgVfjdmw

Motor Vehicle Act. When a claim petition is filed under Section 163A and the evidence on record shows the income is above Rs.40,000/- p.a, the claim petition is liable to be rejected, unless it is converted to one under Section 166. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/M3DQf8Bqn8yuh7DRlj9iiwWfQ

Disciplinary proceedings against daily wage employee can be initiated under the Karnataka Daily Wage Employees Welfare Act, 2012 only if his name is notified by the State Government as daily wage employee. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/188NQJk9eEuJbsxbjZ1mXccjN

An order of acquittal adds up to the presumption of innocence in favour of the accused and hence the Appellate Court has to be relatively slow in reversing the order. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/JKErAZPwa2A80zeZY6IJ8YYtf

Property allotted to a female in family partition between herself and her father is her absolute property and does not revert to heirs of her father under Section 15 (2) of the Hindu Succession Act. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/0GSAvqWzFvg7BQeuJtMe8MXPE

Service benefits do not form bequeathable estate of Government Servant. Family pension does not form part of the estate of the deceased and as such it cannot be disposed off during lifetime by testamentary disposition. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/nkq4qgzHH8eQerJub77MJieWi

Grant of Succession Certificate will not determine rights of parties since it merely identifies the hands in which death benefits be given and it does not entitle such person to appropriate such benefits to himself. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/FpGy47XzWhxSr6A2u19MQ6ok6

Adopted son becomes a coparcener in the adoptor’s family and cannot claim right in his genitive family properties. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/VsbGFAze5zHsxbp8uhudbl7bR

In case of ‘Act Only Policy’ which does not cover pillion rider with extra premium, liability cannot be fastened on the insurance company. Even the principle of ‘pay and recover‘ does not apply in such cases. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/gPDsYnJA9UmTVCcx6qtpnVtVo

When ‘package/comprehensive’ policy is issued, it covers all including the occupant, driver, pillion rider and the owner. Premium paid is irrelevant. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/lPPuQpPRt0cLfNpjy7NqzLbQP

Karnataka Excise (General Conditions) Rules. Profit sharing ratio change in a partnership firm by 50% and above amounts to ‘’change of control and management of a firm’’ and attracts payment of transfer fee under the Rules. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/899d5fca0ba22bbcc8414526

The limitation period for instituting probate proceedings for a Will is three years, as per the residuary provision of the Limitation Act, subject to specified exceptions. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/ba6b6b45b56c8ec4408877d9

Service Law. Deemed suspension of an employee would continue even after his detention comes to an end by virtue of enlargement on bail or otherwise till after the competent authority issues a formal order revoking the suspension. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/cb67b9254289bd3175ee96a0

Hindu Succession Act. Partition of ancestral properties prior to 2004 amendment does not affect rights of daughters in the ancestral property notionally allotted to the father. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/0749450816a0b296614abf0d

When brothers partition ancestral property, it continues as ancestral property. Son/daughter born after the partition will automatically acquire rights by birth. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/0d9d67afd9ca0054b7972bc4

Service Law. ‘’It is the prerogative of the employer to deploy his staff suitable to the requirement of work/place unless the conditions of service otherwise provide’’. Employees cannot sit in self-judgment as to the validity of transfer order and disobey the same with impunity. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/59ec2b524a9c62870d398ea6

Bombay Pargana and Kulkarni Watan Abolition Act. Watan property belongs to the entire family, with all family members having hereditary interests eligible for a share. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/d801eebeebce168cfd5d15d9

Service Law. When a person is placed in independent charge of a post, albeit being eligible for promotion to that post, and later receives retrospective promotion, he is entitled to salary arrears corresponding to the pay scale of the said post. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/d53b09384b6f3a7a14b115ec

Karnataka Excise (General Conditions) Rules. Profit sharing ratio change in a partnership firm by 50% and above amounts to ‘’change of control and management of a firm’’ and attracts payment of transfer fee under the Rules. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/899d5fca0ba22bbcc8414526

Urban Development Authority’s imposition of a penalty for non-construction on the allotted site by the allottee within the stipulated period cannot be held to be unreasonable. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/416688f6af7fc3d289dc45f9

POCSO Act. Document relating to date of birth of a student issued by School on the basis of entry of the date of birth made in the admission register can be relied for the purpose of age determination. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/eVXsN8XXe7FGAkCaBb5FVy7PY

A person who acquires an interest in the suit property during the pendency of the suit can seek to be impleaded at the appeal stage by invoking Section 146 of the CPC which provision should be interpreted broadly and liberally to promote justice. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/46267a95d6be1d8788102fcd

“Know Your Judge”. Justice Umesh M Adiga. Karnataka High Court.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Umesh M Adiga celebrates his 61st birthday today.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Umesh Manjunath Bhat Adiga: Born on 09.01.1964. Native of Gadag. Enrolled as Advocate and practiced at Gadag. Appointed as Munsiff on 08.02.1995. Appointed as District Judge on 06.07.2009. Served as Registrar (Vigilance) High Court of Karnataka, Prl. District & Sessions Judge, Chikkamagaluru, Dharwad and as Presiding Officer, Industrial Tribunal, Bengaluru. Sworn-in as Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka on 16.08.2022.

Important Judgments delivered by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Umesh M Adiga.

Service Law. Person ineligible for the post cannot question the appointment of another person to the post since Public Interest Litigation is impermissible in Service matters. Karnataka High Court. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/dkllsV6yLApcTI0vMBk36ueJD

When proceedings are initiated under the Karnataka SC/ST (PTCL) Act, the authorities are bound to examine whether the grant comes within the purview of the Act. Karnataka High Court. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/knyP6X0qU1GSKaKOj5QXLenQO

Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act. Competent authority has discretion to reduce the percentage of damages under Section 14B and the same is justiciable. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/Bo2POtFSS5h25GuN9rYugrfTp

Mere payment of premium amount before occurrence of accident will not cover liability if the insurance policy is issued with effect from the time after the accident. Karnataka High Court. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/WdjePhtI9Mcj3G1HCapAgHfzq

Mere existence of Arbitration Clause does not bar jurisdiction of the Civil Court unless the party exercises his right under Section 8 of the A & C Act. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/wmCmITKVQysZ76UZBIPrkNxfJ

Where driver of vehicle had no valid and effective driving licence, the insurance company shall pay the compensation to the claimant and recover the same from owner of the vehicle. Karnataka High Court reiterates. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/KTohNi0scrGMCG88PW03QRIMX

MVC Act. Amputation of leg need not always result in 100% disability for the purpose of awarding compensation when the claimant can do the work which is not strenuous in nature. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/udkOeV7yKIdTeFHtQuBxtwqzQ

Borrower of motor vehicle steps into the shoes of the owner of the vehicle and hence the borrower of the vehicle or his legal heirs are not entitled for compensation. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/4uLoS35AvEzCdQGRQuO1p74ja

“Coparcenary system continues even after the 2005 amendment to the Hindu Succession Act.” Karnataka High Court explains the principles behind succession and survivorship.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/09ff1203861b457fdba31787

Income Tax Act. Exemption from restriction on cash transaction can be claimed only for special exigencies the burden of proving is on the assessee. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/BgWqjPltgcpzB4sqwD2ztf310

“Know Your Judge”. Justice B M Shyam Prasad. Karnataka High Court.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice B M Shyam Prasad celebrates his 54th birthday today.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Bhotanhosur Mallikarjuna Shyam Prasad: Born on 8th January 1971. Appointed as Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka and took oath on 14.02.2018 and Permanent Judge on 07.01.2020.

Important Judgements delivered by Mr. Justice B.M. Shyam Prasad. 

Property inherited by a female from her parents reverts back to heirs of her father on she dying intestate and without issues. Suit for declaration by husband claiming such property ought to be rejected under Order 7 rule 11. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/NWLKO48RRXZ6i2vVzSBW34wIs

Once parties acknowledge existence of arbitration clause, Court can appoint arbitrator even if stamp duty is insufficiently paid. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/u2ntQqAc5HYTyzYrqEjahBZVD

When the prosecution fails to prove major offence, the minor and related offence falls into insignificance and the accused will be entitled to acquittal. Karnataka High Court. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/6kOPhZhSX9PhLmdSbdJoyg0VF

Arbitration and Conciliation Act. When arbitrator withdraws from the office, substitute arbitrator can be appointed only under Section 11 read with Section 15 and under Section 29A(4) thereof. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/kr56zwOoMI67AGDKvEURnTZPo

Appeal court should not allow amendment unless there is an error in the decree of the trial court and when the amendment relieves the party who lost the case from the consequences of a decision rendered on merits. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/C2RKlsSnuzv8PR0K2MiDB7jnv

Karnataka Court Fees and Suits Valuation Act, 1958. Suit for cancellation of sale deed in respect of agricultural land. Valuation is based on the land revenue and not on the amount shown in the sale deed. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/XHwSeoIldKEHJ5yZMh1SbjsQr

Property inherited by a female from her parents reverts back to heirs of her father on she dying intestate and without issues. Suit for declaration by husband claiming such property ought to be rejected under Order 7 rule 11. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/NWLKO48RRXZ6i2vVzSBW34wIs

Once parties acknowledge existence of arbitration clause, Court can appoint arbitrator even if stamp duty is insufficiently paid. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/u2ntQqAc5HYTyzYrqEjahBZVD

When the prosecution fails to prove major offence, the minor and related offence falls into insignificance and the accused will be entitled to acquittal. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/6kOPhZhSX9PhLmdSbdJoyg0VF

 Karnataka Land Revenue Act. Questions of facts that impact title cannot be decided in proceedings under Chapter XI. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/PQZXALCma7nn1QdRZlH6HMjTR

 Bombay Pargana and Kulkarni Watan Abolition Act. Watan property belongs to the entire family, with all family members having hereditary interests eligible for a share. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/d801eebeebce168cfd5d15d9

Karnataka Stamp Act. Civil court cannot delegate its power to the District Registrar of Stamps to decide on the nature of the document and to determine the deficit duty. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/66fa35b9e9f839de43052b77

Petition for Succession Certificate under Section 372 of the Indian Succession Act cannot be dismissed solely on the ground of limitation. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/ITALzJNwgnLNch6fj8kRkXZe8

Wife with good educational qualification who quit salaried employment without any reason cannot demand maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/Sg2NM9xS3d6MhzG0vztcItRkB

BBMP Act. Improvement expenses can be collected in instalments for transfer of khata. Non-payment of instalment cannot be a reason to deny benefit of revenue entry since the amount can be recovered in accordance with law. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/C8UCbF2KQuWY52iJwpRa2yjvY

Inter-State transmission of electricity under Section 11 of the Electricity Act 2003 can be regulated only by the Central Government. Karnataka High Court nullifies order of the State Government.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/zZfWEQ0cWCvVIsvMXnhaEiyIy

Pious obligation under the amended Section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act arises only if the plaintiff is able to demonstrate that the defendant has inherited some asset or estate from the deceased debtor. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/0dh92Sr6cpwIhzWXoNDOgZbP1

“Know Your Judge”. Justice Ashok S. Kinagi. Karnataka High Court.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Ashok S. Kinagi celebrates his 55th birthday today.

Hon’ble Mr. Justice Ashok S. Kinagi: Born on 01.01.1970. Enrolled as an Advocate in the year 1995. Practiced in High Court of Karnataka, Kalaburagi Bench from 2008 to till date.

Practiced in the field of Civil, Land Acquisition and Service Matters etc,.

Panel Advocate – Hyderabad Karnataka Education Society, Gulbarga, Khaja Banda Nawaj Education Society, Gulbarga, Alstom Project India Limited, Shahabad, ACC, Wadi, Karnataka State Financial Corporation, Karnataka State Industrial and Development Board, Ganesh Co-Operative Bank, Gulbarga, Punjab National Bank, Gulbarga, Hutti Goldmines, Hutti, Dist. Raichur, The Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited.

Appointed as Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka and taken oath on 23.09.2019 and Permanent Judge on 01.03.2021.

Important judgments delivered by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Ashok S. Kinagi. 

Resumption under the Karnataka SC/ST (PTCL) Act cannot be ordered when grantee obtained conversion of land for non-agricultural purposes before the alienation. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/OiwuuVQoRpueJqpc7FH7hYD6L

Stay of suit under Section 10 CPC is permissible only if the whole subject-matter in both the proceedings is identical and not incidentally or collaterally in issue. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/ISyNrSJgH381e8MtCf04I4l04

Karnataka SC/ST (PTCL) Act. When earlier suo-motu proceedings were dropped by the Assistant Commissioner, fresh proceedings cannot be initiated by the grantee without challenging the said order. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/AJoh9OSw8sVKmUY0TY8lh8ZRs

Karnataka Land Grabbing (Prohibition) Act. The Civil Court must record a clear finding about land grabbing in order to transfer the case to Special Court. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/EGK34DoAowG3lrQycFrNCzzDc

Land restored under SC/ST (PTCL) Act to original grantees cannot be construed as Government land to invoke the provisions of the Karnataka Land Grabbing Prohibition Act. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/KMirgxzIfHIasSUONZITE3FNF

Constitution of India. Article 226. In a writ petition challenging the interim order passed by a Labour Court or Industrial Tribunal, refusal to interfere is a rule and interference is an exception. Karnataka High Court. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/f6Nx5lw1qIxLAedTjeNJh6qlU

Intra-court appeal under the Karnataka High Court Act is not maintainable against an order passed by the Single Judge assailing an award passed by the Labour Court. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/l0APyr5QOvLYbT4oaN5KX6ECp

Even an earlier registered sale deed does not confer right over property declared subsequently as Wakf property as long as the declaration is not set aside. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/rjUWKppk5Jz9Crx4A9DRrYfhx

Application for amendment of pleadings cannot be entertained after the commencement of trial, unless the party could not raise the issue before commencement of trial. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/sMarBhAdVKojnF0UufQjj3BcG

Corporation cannot demand tax in respect of an industrial plot unless the industrial area is included within the Corporation limits. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/RK1tWgpbzRJ8W20fMI68zH1RQ

Khata of property cannot be changed when civil suit in respect of the property is pending adjudication before the Court. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/VRjwUmsxIdjlhPxowCXaMuqLN

KMMC Rules. When the order of Competent Authority is approved by the Controlling Authority, who is also the Revision authority, Revision can only be filed before the State Government. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/qShEUGV1528ixEHut1KH6TnwW

Committees under Article 194(3) of the Constitution are not vested with adjudicatory jurisdiction which belongs to judicature under the constitutional scheme. Karnataka High Court. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/DRiFF4ELOPCsOOmhovGy5jU0W

Allotment of industrial plot cannot be cancelled on the ground of delay in implementing the project when the delay is attributable to reasons beyond the capacity of the allottee. Karnataka High Court. 

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/MpX5z3ecw3FQlLMJp2Xt83JlL

Transfer of Property Act. Upon valid transfer of property, attornment of tenancy takes place and the tenant cannot question such derivative title. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/QLLLgiNiMY5RdR3XbB9M9o6Az

Property of first wife dying intestate goes even to the legally married second wife after the death of her husband. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/LMHdIWYo2SZXPoAijtDGUKZlL

Unless the factum of Benami transaction is established, property purchased in the name of female becomes her absolute property. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/x26LL47guabJs0lpH9QE5bbb5

Suit for specific performance. When the defendant neither pleads nor leads evidence on hardship, Court shall decree the suit especially when the plaintiff proves readiness & willingness. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/ZYHIFcx04MWCD3uvVPPjBcDAm

Resumption under the Karnataka SC/ST (PTCL) Act cannot be ordered when grantee obtained conversion of land for non-agricultural purposes before the alienation. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/OiwuuVQoRpueJqpc7FH7hYD6L

Stay of suit under Section 10 CPC is permissible only if the whole subject-matter in both the proceedings is identical and not incidentally or collaterally in issue. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/ISyNrSJgH381e8MtCf04I4l04

Prior notice under the Karnataka Panchayat Act is not necessary for institution of suit for perpetual injunction under Section 38 of Specific Relief Act. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/2bcafd2a4a7af0be3972321e

Hindu Succession Act, 1956. When propositus dies prior to 1956 leaving ancestral properties, the entire ancestral properties vest in surviving male coparceners excluding the daughters. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/3c53d86db0150c64708045d7

Civil suit against Forest Officers who act under the color of duty to preserve forest land is not maintainable without sanction of the State Government under Section 114-A of the Karnataka Forest Act. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/y1iurkwuwmKFmSjrvjaehltPQ

Issue regarding valuation and Court fees cannot be tried as a preliminary issue in a suit and shall be tried along with other issues. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/CyRjk03cFcS7mUVjkJpGeCYhP

Specific performance. Agreement executed within the prohibited period under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act cannot be specifically enforced. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/JXbvzbdckChHoVjXFDJpo1KqR

Violation of condition in land grant order will not result in automatic cancellation of the grant unless the Government initiates proceedings for resumption of the land. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/JtXVUH9RmrCs4V9LcX1QeKALm

Court Fee. When agricultural land falls within the Corporation limit, the market value has to be taken into consideration even though the land continues to be shown as agricultural in the revenue records. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/HkAL3PAu5vbuxONOKfhi0o1vo

When Court dismisses suit for declaration of title over the property, it cannot grant consequential relief of injunction. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/JqwSQTq6C8L2ZyKAVKbR4nNOF

“Dependency on daughter does not end with her marriage”. Parents can seek compensation for the death of their daughter in a motor vehicle accident. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/YDS3pP7FsADexvx4huD28syXL

Power of attorney executed in favour of blood relatives as mentioned in the Karnataka Stamp Act need not be stamped as a document of conveyance. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/KTGpPlrPqnrMIOpJh0M53Z8NN

Sale of ancestral property. Recitals in the sale deed of legal necessity do not by themselves prove the legal necessity though they are admissible in evidence. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/DCTfmAhlPFYnuhaDoxGvzTS1c

Karnataka SC/ST (PTCL) Act. Land converted for non-agricultural purposes no longer remains ‘granted land’ and hence there is no requirement of prior permission to sell such land. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/E45odxkodFuDhdjNGkJv36YV5

Persons who purchased suit schedule property during the pendency of suit for specific performance can be added as additional defendant. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/OvGKh1uIz1CF8oMo5DRVLJuLb

Delay in completion of the project on the industrial site allotted by the KIADB. Allotment cannot be straightaway cancelled by the authority without giving opportunity to the allottee. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/OrhSyIDPU905gZ3aTOfk67ucB

In a suit for declaration, the plaintiff is expected to prove his title to a high degree of probability and not beyond reasonable doubt. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/a7PrNU32SJlsz0dmpEmxrWjR1

Karnataka SC/ST (PTCL) Act. Prima facie, the amendment to the Act does not change the legal position that the application for restoration has to be filed within reasonable time. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/NKABMwxdCpjentz4o0ahuXCK0

Intra-court appeal under the Karnataka High Court Act is not maintainable against an order passed by the Single Judge assailing an award passed by the Labour Court. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/l0APyr5QOvLYbT4oaN5KX6ECp

“Know Your Judge”. Justice K. S. Mudagal. Karnataka High Court.

Hon’ble Mrs. Justice K. S. Mudagal celebrates her 61st birthday today.

Hon’ble Justice Kottravva Somappa Mudagal: Born on December 22, 1963. Obtained B’Com, LL.B. from Karnataka University, Dharwad. Joined legal profession on 6th July, 1988 as an Advocate at Dharwad and Bangalore. Appointed as District Judge on 17.06.1998. Sworn in as an Additional Judge of the High Court of Karnataka on 14th November, 2016 and Permanent Judge on 03.11.2018.


Important Judgments delivered by Hon’ble Justice K.S. Mudagal.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/sd0Q8L8Vsn72lJaNK9hRpTVBP

Civil Procedure Code. Order 39 Rule 2A. Dismissal of the main suit does NOT absolve the defendants of their liability for breach of injunction order. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/HDi8Ar70SeQsU7IKaNDGgKGrt

Civil Procedure Code. Order 39 Rule 2A. Party knowingly violating injunction order cannot contend that the order is null and void or irregular and hence need not be obeyed. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/doq2ZJ1cL174XoTShzazVpvY1

Father is liable to pay maintenance to the major daughters and also their marriage expenses. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/safl4XAfonRmtRcXiuhJkQYm9

Rejection of Plaint. When plaint is sought to be rejected on a pure question of law, the application cannot be dismissed on the ground that the same shall be considered on a full-fledged trial. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/qMSVh6gNu4M7hjsvuCfxuulkn

Lok Adalat award in respect of cheque bounce case. Amount can be recovered by Fine Levy Warrant under Section 421 Cr.P.C. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/7MvnKohB6twQdFnx5soDk5xw8

Daily waged employees working in the local bodies like Zilla Panchayats, on their regularization, are entitled for payment of gratuity from the date of their initial appointment. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/Zve6Y66D7jmAg0DwH4jw7OWBY

Delay and laches in filing Writ Petition. Where respondents/authorities are themselves guilty of delay and latches, they cannot raise such plea against petitioner. Karnataka High Court. 

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/ZwFdOWD8MGRgR9hesBCLJMmke

UAP Act. Informal body of individuals ‘concerned’ with the terrorist act, though not actually involved in terrorist act, is also covered under the definition of ‘terrorist gang’. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/uGaf6mIY8LqirEHQlLzHbvugL

Review Petition by non-party to the proceedings. Court can review compromise decree recorded in Regular Second Appeal if there was suppression of facts affecting the rights of third party. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/D7Kh5F5ITMkXO3QdgnXyzzAKZ

Rider of two-wheeler not possessing driving license. Insurance Company is NOT liable for compensation. Karnataka High Court. 

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/VtxHqMbCMFBvq62sksg47VJJU

Unregistered sale deed cannot be received in evidence even for the collateral purposes of proving possession. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/kr1ILiFm8QqqsjeFNRQ0MeIMH

Civil suit questioning attachment of property under the Karnataka Co-operative Societies Rules is not maintainable without exhausting the remedy provided under Section 101 of the Karnataka Co-operative Societies Act. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/oNHZFvtImqqTWP5XKVgq7mb0W

For the lands falling within Corporation limits, there is no need to obtain conversion from agricultural to non-agricultural purpose under Section 95 of the Karnataka Land Revenue Act. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/XVQW4GToCwGdrW8wh7NPuI2Mn

Hindu Law. There can be partition of ancestral properties among the cousins and need not always be among the direct brothers. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/kiicapGeNHKavK6qPVLiTDRFd

Native Christians of Coorg province. Pending suit for partition based on the Shasthric Hindu Law is not maintainable after the issuance of 2015 notification making Indian Succession Applicable to them. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/LRb4Ivbd1DV1vGyiqf1w9FLEF

Prima facie case includes maintainability of the suit. When maintainability of the suit is doubtful or the suit is prima facie vexatious, it cannot be said that the applicant has prima facie case. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/sd0Q8L8Vsn72lJaNK9hRpTVBP

Occupancy rights granted under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act in favour of one of the member of the family enure to the benefit of the members of the joint family. Karnataka High Court.

https://dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/lF5DMXHGrmAQlMrRSa3Pl3uh3

Industry showing payment of overtime wages as conveyance charges to evade the ESI contribution. Karnataka High Court imposes exemplary cost on the appellant industry.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/0I7Ub7xrWjtqw1kh5hnvFyfHJ

Defense of ouster in a suit for possession. The adverse possession pleaded must be open, express or implied repudiation of the rights of the true owner and the hostility must be within the knowledge of true owner. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/cde5f29561bc4fad17b78f88

Irrespective of a party not filing appeal against dismissal of the suit for partition and separate possession, Court can grant relief in appeal invoking Order XLI Rule 33 of C.P.C. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/oFp4Zu7PHNvVkamQTBOyddDIc

Court cannot refer a case relating to non-compoundable offence to Lok Adalat and Lok Adalat has no jurisdiction to determine such case. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/SuXT6tGDrf3ZNJtwJ82gw0BhU

Negotiable Instruments Act. Section 138 not only includes the cheques issued towards the discharge of any debt, but other liability also. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/xLxdPabUGBEBSis6bkIxjoDHj

Unstamped partition deed cannot be relied upon for the purpose of enforcing pre-emption clause contained therein. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/pwXoqKLUV5Dv0EMgIzq9sZAOU

When a document is admitted in evidence at the instance of a party, entire contents of the document shall be accepted. Party producing the document cannot contend that only portion of the document shall be accepted. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/cOzHcDr5pPpKirFiAOOFgCHnj

Though Christian law does not recognize adoption, it does not prohibit adoption. Adopted children of Christian parents have right of inheritance. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/1eq6RjH4AZlsAkIjhrUNyCm4A

When minor’s property is sold without Court permission, the minor on attaining majority need not seek cancellation of the sale deed. He can simply repudiate the sale and validly transfer the property. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/Vo8yNcsXDXheORtEc7YSD0AJK

Rejection of Plaint. When plaint is sought to be rejected on a pure question of law, the application cannot be dismissed on the ground that the same shall be considered on a full-fledged trial. Karnataka High Court.

https://www.dakshalegal.com/judgements/actionView/qMSVh6gNu4M7hjsvuCfxuulkn

ಉಯಿಲು ಕುರಿತ ಮೊಕದ್ದಮೆ. ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ತೀರ್ಪು ನೀಡಿದ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಉಚ್ಚನ್ಯಾಯಲಯ.

ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಉಚ್ಚನ್ಯಾಯಲಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ಮೊದಲ ತೀರ್ಪು ನೀಡಿದ ಕೀರ್ತಿ ಮಾನ್ಯ ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂತಿ೯ ಅರಳಿ ನಾಗರಾಜ್ ರವರಿಗೆ ಸಲ್ಲುತ್ತದೆ. ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ತೀರ್ಪು ನೀಡಿದ ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂತಿ೯ ಅರಳಿ ನಾಗರಾಜ್ “ಕೆಳ ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ತೀರ್ಪು ಬರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ. ಹೈಕೋರ್ಟ್‌ನಲ್ಲೂ ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷೆಗೆ ಆದ್ಯತೆ ನೀಡಬೇಕು. ಈ ನಿಟ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ 2008ರಿಂದ ಸರಕಾರಕ್ಕೆ ಬೇಡಿಕೆ ಸಲ್ಲಿಸುತ್ತಲೇ ಬಂದಿದ್ದರೂ ಇದುವರೆಗೂ ಕಾರ್ಯರೂಪಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದಿಲ್ಲ.“ ಎ0ದು ಹೇಳಿದ್ದರು.

ಈಗ ಮಾನ್ಯ ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂತಿ೯ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ಎಸ್ ದೀಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಮತ್ತು ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂತಿ೯ ಸಿ. ಎ0. ಜೋಶಿಯವರು ಶ್ರೀ. ನ0ಜಾವುದೂತ ಸ್ವಾಮೀಜಿ ವಿರುದ್ದ ಶ್ರಿ. ಎಸ್. ಲಿ0ಗಣ್ಣ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರರು ಮೊಕದ್ದಮೆಯಲ್ಲಿ (ಒ.ಎಸ್.ಎ. ಸ0ಖ್ಯೆ. ೯/೨0೨೪) ದಿನಾ0ಕ ೧೨ನೇ ಡಿಸೆ0ಬರ್, ೨0೨೪ ರ0ದು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ತೀರ್ಪು ನೀಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

ಈ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ದಕ್ಷ ಲೀಗಲ್ ಜೊತೆ ತಮ್ಮ ಅನಿಸಿಕೆ ಹೇಳಿಕೊ0ಡ ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂತಿ೯ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ಎಸ್ ದೀಕ್ಷಿತ್ “ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕವಾಗಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ಕನ್ನಡ ತೀರ್ಪು ಬರೆದ ಶ್ರೇಯಸ್ಸು ಮಾನ್ಯ ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂತಿ೯ ಅರಳಿ ನಾಗರಾಜ್ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಸಲ್ಲಬೇಕು.. ಆ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಕೈಹಾಕಿದ ಅವರು ನಿಜವಾದ ‘ತೇನ್ಸಿಂಗ್’.. .. ನನಗೆ ಅವರ ಮೇಲೆ ಅಪಾರ ಗೌರವವಿದೆ” ಎ0ದು ತಮ್ಮ ಅಭಿಮಾನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಿದರು.

ತೀರ್ಪನ್ನು ಈ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಲಗತ್ತಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.